{"id":93353,"date":"2026-02-23T06:30:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/?p=93353"},"modified":"2026-02-23T13:05:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T18:05:24","slug":"spring-2026-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/queries-comments\/spring-2026-2\/","title":{"rendered":"More Queries and Comments Spring 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Different Strokes for Different Folks<\/h4>\n<p>Thanks to <strong>BAR<\/strong>, readers hear from real experts in the field, not a summary or a version of an event that is redacted by a staff writer with little hands-on experience. I commend <strong>BAR<\/strong> and its editorial team for giving us a journal where you can still find trustworthy, relevant, and reliable information, conveyed by real professionals, unafraid of pushing against established dogma. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Jose M. Paredes<\/strong><br \/>\nFlossmoor, Illinois <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\nI really am sorry to see your magazine has gone so liberal! Truly, it appears many universities today are producing well-credentialed skeptics rather than apologists of God\u2019s Word. If this is the decided course, may I suggest you drop \u201cbiblical\u201d from your title and replace it with \u201cbiblical lands\u201d or \u201cMiddle Eastern\u201d as a more accurate reflection of your position? <\/p>\n<p><strong>Pastor Mike Pangburn<\/strong><br \/>\nBridgeton, New Jersey <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\nI am not renewing my <strong>BAR<\/strong> subscription,\u202fand\u202fI would like to let you know why.\u202fFirst,\u202fI have studied the Bible for years.\u202fI have a B.A.\u202fin\u202fhistory and\u202freligion.\u202fI\u202falso\u202fhave\u202fa\u202fmasters of\u202fdivinity.\u202fOn more than\u202fone occasion, I have found the authors of your articles straying into areas\u202fwhere\u202fthey do not appear to be qualified, such as\u202fbiblical interpretation.\u202fSome authors go from\u202fthe particular\u202fto\u202fthe general.\u202fAs a student of history, I learned\u202fthat\u202fis not\u202fgood\u202finterpretation.\u202fIn\u202fthe article <a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/nails-or-knots-how-was-jesus-crucified\/\">\u201cNails or Knots\u2014How\u202fWas\u202fJesus Crucified?\u201d<\/a> published in the\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/issue\/spring-2025\/\">Spring\u202f2025\u202fissue<\/a>, Jeffrey P. Arroyo\u202fGarc\u00eda goes to great lengths\u202fto prove that Jesus was crucified by tying his arms to the cross.\u202fHe\u202fstates\u202fthat only in John\u2019s Gospel is Thomas mentioned as placing his fingers in the nail marks.\u202fI submit that once is enough.\u202fThe Gospels were written from\u202ffour\u202fdifferent perspectives and to\u202ffour\u202fdifferent groups.\u202fHence, some details\u202ffrom one account\u202fmay not be mentioned in\u202fanother.\u202fAs I was taught, lack of evidence is not evidence.\u202fThe author\u202fconcludes\u202fthat\u202falthough crucifixion was\u202fa common form\u202fof execution in the Roman Empire, \u201cnailing a victim to a cross\u202f<em>may<\/em> not\u202fhave been as common as people think.\u202fAnd it\u202f<em>might<\/em>\u202fhave been introduced in Judea only after the time of Jesus\u201d\u202f(italics mine).\u202fI find he\u202foffers a great deal of ambiguity.\u202f <\/p>\n<p>Second, I am of the Catholic faith, born and bred.\u202fI do not recall seeing any articles from Catholic scholars\u202fin\u202f<strong>BAR<\/strong>.\u202fIf I am mistaken, I\u202fsincerely apologize.\u202fVery few if any\u202fof the conferences and workshops\u202fyou\u202fadvertise include Catholic scholars.\u202fWhen\u202fI want\u202fbiblical interpretation I can trust, I consult a Catholic theologian that I know I can trust.\u202f <\/p>\n<p><strong>Duane Breaux<\/strong><br \/>\nPierre Part,\u202fLouisiana<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/who-was-jesus-ebook-cover.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg=='>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FREE ebook, <strong>Who Was Jesus? Exploring the History of Jesus\u2019 Life<\/strong>. Examine fundamental questions about Jesus of Nazareth.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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*\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/who_was_jesus_ebook.pdf'\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr\/>\n<h4>Fix Your Dates!<\/h4>\n<p>I don\u2019t know where <strong>BAR<\/strong> stands on the truth of God\u2019s Holy Word. However, when I see the terms BCE and CE instead of BC and AD, it makes me wonder. Even an organization that doesn\u2019t subscribe to any particular religious viewpoint must have some idea as to the truth of the Holy Bible. Since you seek out information that is about the history behind the biblical text, you must see that Jesus Christ lived, died, and rose from the dead and that his life changed history forever. With that in mind, to use BCE and CE is an affront to the truth of God\u2019s Holy Word and to God himself. Can you please see fit to use terms that have been in longstanding use worldwide until the last few decades? <\/p>\n<p><strong>Bryan Daugherty<\/strong><br \/>\nYuba City, California <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\nWhy BCE and CE? Looks to me like you have gone secular, with no regard for the truth. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Michael Noctor<\/strong><br \/>\nLehighton, Pennsylvania <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\nAs a new subscriber, I was disappointed to see the use of BCE and CE, considering that this is a biblical archaeology magazine. I understand that is the secular use. The contention regarding Christ\u2019s birthday notwithstanding, the standard usage still works and people know what it means. It just seems like another example of woke \u201cbe in the world, not of the world.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>Johnna Hildebrand<\/strong><br \/>\nLondon, Ohio <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\n<p style=\"font-size: 1.1em;\"><em>In accordance with most standard scholarly usage today, <strong>BAR<\/strong>\u2019s house style is to use BCE (Before the Common Era) and CE (Common Era). However, <strong>BAR<\/strong> allows authors to maintain their preferred terminology as appropriate, including BC and AD (see, e.g., Gy\u0151z\u0151 V\u00f6r\u00f6s\u2019s article, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/under-siege-how-rome-conquered-jerusalem\/\">Under Siege: How Rome Conquered Jerusalem,<\/a>\u201d).<\/em><strong>\u2014ED.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/islam-in-the-ancient-world3.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg=='>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FREE ebook: <strong>Islam in the Ancient World<\/strong>. Explore Islam\u2019s biblical history and sites.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gform-theme gform-theme--foundation gform-theme--framework gform-theme--orbital' data-form-theme='orbital' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_3' ><style>#gform_wrapper_3[data-form-index=\"0\"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form=\"3_0\"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 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79.863-35.498 111.248l154.125 154.125c12.496 12.496 12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-img-choice-size: var(--gf-field-img-choice-size-md);--gf-field-img-choice-card-space: 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             return;        }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_wrapper_3\" );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( \"span\" );            visibilitySpan.id = \"gform_visibility_test_3\";            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( \"afterend\", visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_visibility_test_3\" );        let postRenderFired = false;        function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            gform.core.triggerPostRenderEvents( 3, current_page );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;      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author of the Gospel of John. I know of no reputable New Testament scholar who believes that any of the four canonical gospels were written by eyewitnesses, and certainly not apostles or disciples of an apostle. Those attributions were likely assigned in the mid- to late second century to give greater authority to the gospels. All four canonical gospels are anonymous. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Arthur J. Bellinzoni<\/strong><br \/>\nAurora, New York <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Grateful Dead Backstory<\/h4>\n<p>The title of the article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/ancient-judahs-grateful-dead\/\">Ancient Judah\u2019s Grateful Dead<\/a>\u201d refers imprecisely to the folkloristic motif of the \u201cgrateful dead\u201d by focusing on the comfort, care, and celebration at the deceased\u2019s tomb. Most commonly, the widespread grateful dead tales involve the death of a debtor, his creditors paid by a traveler or stranger, who, in turn, is saved from death or calamity by the soul\/spirit of the grateful deceased. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Bernard Witlieb<\/strong><br \/>\nWhite Plains, New York<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Mysterious Negev Tombs<\/h4>\n<p>The short news item \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/mysterious-negev-tombs\/\">Mysterious Negev Tombs,<\/a>\u201d about the tomb complex found at a crossroads on the ancient trade routes connecting Egypt and the Levant to the Arabian Peninsula, was very interesting. Among other things, it stated that a significant number of the burials were of women, which the excavators suggest may indicate human trafficking. <\/p>\n<p>I wish that statement had been expanded upon to look at other possibilities. The kingdom of Cush was known for its women warriors, the most famous being Queen Amanirenas. Might the burials have been of women warriors who were hired as guards for the caravans? <\/p>\n<p><strong>Marian Powell<\/strong><br \/>\nChino Valley, Arizona <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\n<p style=\"font-size:1.1em;\"><em>You might be pleased to learn that we are preparing a feature article for an upcoming issue on these mystifying tombs, so hopefully we\u2019ll learn more then. Also, for more on the women who ruled over Cush during the time of the first Christians, check out Mark Wilson\u2019s article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/philips-encounter-with-the-ethiopian-eunuch\/\">Philip\u2019s Encounter with the \u2018Ethiopian Eunuch\u2019,<\/a>\u201d in this issue.<\/em><strong>\u2014ED.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/frank-moore-cross.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg=='>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FREE ebook: <strong>Frank Moore Cross: Conversations with a Bible Scholar<\/strong>.  Download now.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gform-theme gform-theme--foundation gform-theme--framework gform-theme--orbital' data-form-theme='orbital' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_3' ><style>#gform_wrapper_3[data-form-index=\"0\"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form=\"3_0\"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark: 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12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-img-choice-size: var(--gf-field-img-choice-size-md);--gf-field-img-choice-card-space: 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             return;        }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_wrapper_3\" );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( \"span\" );            visibilitySpan.id = \"gform_visibility_test_3\";            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( \"afterend\", visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_visibility_test_3\" );        let postRenderFired = false;        function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            gform.core.triggerPostRenderEvents( 3, current_page );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;      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        attributes: true,                childList: false,                subtree: true,                attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ],            });        } else {            triggerPostRender();        }    } );} ); \n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/frank_moore_cross_conversations_with_a_bible_scholar.pdf'\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr\/>\n<h4>Misunderstanding Moses<\/h4>\n<p>Ralph Hawkins seems to have missed an important point in his article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/losing-abrahams-religion-more-on-israelite-religion-in-egypt\/\">Losing Abraham\u2019s Religion.<\/a>\u201d While I am sure that the Egyptian princess did her best to care for the infant Moses, I am equally sure that she allowed her handmaidens the opportunity to change his diapers. If the Israelites were practicing circumcision during their stay in Egypt, it would have become widely known that Moses was a Hebrew, since he was supposed to be 3 months old when placed in the Nile. <\/p>\n<p><strong>John Majka<\/strong><br \/>\nLouisville, Kentucky <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\n<p>I believe Hawkins has mistranslated Exodus 4:24. The Lord wanted to kill Moses, not his infant son Gershom. It was Moses\u2019s duty to circumcise his son on the eighth day. Zipporah realized what was happening and quickly circumcised her son, thus saving her husband. The Midrash attempts to fill in the blanks surrounding Zipporah\u2019s actions. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Marty Blumenthal<\/strong><br \/>\nHighland Park, Illinois <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>The First Council of\u202fNicea<\/h4>\n<p>Thank you for your wonderful article in the <a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/issue\/fall-2025\/\">Fall 2025 issue<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/where-was-the-first-council-of-nicea\/\">\u201cWhere Was the First Council of\u202fNicea?\u201d<\/a> by Mark R. Fairchild.\u202fI am a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a Christian denomination\u202fthat\u202fdoes not accept the Nicene Creed. I found this article\u202fvery informative\u202fand interesting, and the pictures were spectacular, especially the two\u202fsubmerged\u202fgraves. I continue to renew my\u202f<strong>BAR<\/strong>\u202fsubscription to read articles like this.\u202f <\/p>\n<p><strong>Julie Cannon Markham<\/strong><br \/>\nProvo, Utah<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h4>Stay Out of Politics<\/h4>\n<p>I was outraged and disappointed to see you publish <a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/queries-comments-282\/\">the letter by Craig Hunter in the Fall issue<\/a>. Hunter writes nothing about archaeology but shows his prejudice and hatred by referring to \u201coccupied\u201d East Jerusalem and to people who have been \u201cdisplaced\u201d by the Israeli government. He even cites the bogus, racist, International Court of Justice in his screed.<\/p>\n<p>In almost 40 years, I have never known <strong>BAR<\/strong> to become involved in politics, especially in the Arab-Israeli conflict. You deal with archaeology and the Bible very well and have always\u2014usually quite deftly\u2014avoided the slightest mention of this issue. Why, then, did you publish this letter instead of tossing it into the garbage where it belongs? <\/p>\n<p><strong>Wallace Gottlieb<\/strong><br \/>\nCedarhurst, New York <\/p>\n<hr style=\"width:20%;\"\/>\nI was\u202fdisheartened to read the recent revisionist, political diatribe\u202fthat\u202fappeared in the letter\u202fby Craig Hunter, printed\u202fin the Fall 2025 issue\u202f(\u201cQueries &#038; Comments,\u201d\u202fp. 8). If\u202f<strong>BAR<\/strong>\u202fis intending on advancing political, anti-Semitic, revisionist narratives, please let\u202fme\u202fknow promptly and\u202fI\u202fwill gladly cancel\u202fmy\u202flong-standing subscription.\u202f <\/p>\n<p><strong>Adam Rubinstein<\/strong><br \/>\nAnn Arbor, Michigan\u202f <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future_cover.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='605' style='--smush-image-width: 605px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 605\/792;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==' data-srcset='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future_cover.jpg 605w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2022\/08\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future_cover-229x300.jpg.avif 229w' data-sizes='auto' data-original-sizes='(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px' data-smush-avif-fallback='{&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future_cover.jpg 605w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future_cover-229x300.jpg 229w&quot;}'>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The eBook, <strong>The Dead Sea Scrolls: Past, Present, and Future<\/strong>, brings together articles and interviews with the world\u2019s leading experts on the scrolls. Receive your free copy today!<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gform-theme gform-theme--foundation gform-theme--framework gform-theme--orbital' data-form-theme='orbital' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_3' ><style>#gform_wrapper_3[data-form-index=\"0\"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form=\"3_0\"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-lighter: 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        attributes: true,                childList: false,                subtree: true,                attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ],            });        } else {            triggerPostRender();        }    } );} ); \n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/the_dead_sea_scrolls_past_present_and_future.pdf'\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr\/>\n<h4>Incorrect Hieroglyphs<\/h4>\n<p>The news of the discovery of the cartouche of <a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/ramesses-iii-found-in-jordan\/\">Ramesses III in Jordan<\/a> contains an incorrect reading of the hieroglyphs preceding the left cartouche. It is NOT <em>nb 3\u1e2bw<\/em>, \u201cLord of transfigured spirits.\u201d To my knowledge, this phrase never occurs as a royal epithet. Instead, the Egyptian reads <em>nb \u1e2b\u2018w<\/em>, \u201cLord (or Possessor) of Crowns,\u201d which is a very common royal epithet in the New Kingdom. <\/p>\n<p><strong>James K. Hoffmeier<\/strong><br \/>\nEmeritus Professor Of Near Eastern Archaeology<br \/>\nTrinity International University <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h4>Mary and Martha Mystery<\/h4>\n<p>While\u202fcatching up on past issues, I\u202fcame across the fascinating article in\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/issue\/winter-2024\/\">the\u202fWinter 2024\u202fissue<\/a>,\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/the-mystery-of-mary-and-martha\/\">\u201cThe\u202fMystery of Mary and Martha,\u201d<\/a>\u202fby\u202fElizabeth Schrader Polczer,\u202fwhich explains\u202fwhy you see the\u202fwomen\u2019s\u202fnames\u202fin the Gospel of John\u202fand when you don\u2019t.\u202f\u202f\u202f <\/p>\n<p>The thought of long-ago scribes sitting in monasteries and copying older\u202fmanuscripts brought this story to mind:\u202fA brother copying one part or the other of the Gospels gives a shriek as he bends over his writing desk.\u202fThe abbot comes running over and asks the brother what happened.\u202fThe brother looks up and stammers,\u202f\u201cIt says celebrate, not celibate!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Keep the articles coming!\u202f <\/p>\n<p><strong>Stephen M. Flatow<\/strong><br \/>\nJerusalem, Israel<br \/>\n<hr \/><h3 style=\"color: red; margin: 0px 0px 0px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 0px;\">Become a BAS All-Access Member\u00a0Now!<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0 0 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px\">Read <i>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/i> online, explore 50 years of <b>BAR<\/b>, watch videos, attend talks, and more<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/subscribe-new?utm_term=W26009B0\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-53973 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/57;border: none;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/button-all-access-pass.jpg\" alt=\"access\" width=\"300\" height=\"57\" border=\"0\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/button-all-access-pass.jpg 376w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2019\/04\/button-all-access-pass-300x57.jpg.avif 300w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-original-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-smush-avif-fallback=\"{&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/button-all-access-pass.jpg 376w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/button-all-access-pass-300x57.jpg 300w&quot;}\" \/><\/a><hr \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Different Strokes for Different Folks Thanks to BAR, readers hear from real experts in the field, not a summary or a version of an event [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":62378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16541],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-queries-comments"],"acf":[],"nelio_content":{"autoShareEndMode":"never","automationSources":{"useCustomSentences":false,"customSentences":[]},"efiAlt":"","efiUrl":"","followers":[50],"highlights":[],"isAutoShareEnabled":true,"networkImageIds":[],"permalinkQueryArgs":[],"series":[],"suggestedReferences":[]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - 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