{"id":88760,"date":"2025-12-10T06:00:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T11:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/?p=88760"},"modified":"2025-12-10T08:27:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T13:27:13","slug":"israels-oldest-chinese-inscription-found-on-mt-zion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/news\/israels-oldest-chinese-inscription-found-on-mt-zion\/","title":{"rendered":"Israel\u2019s Oldest Chinese Inscription Found on Mt. Zion"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_88761\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/news\/israels-oldest-chinese-inscription-found-on-mt-zion\/attachment\/the-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-china-courtesy-emil-aladjem-iaa\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-88761\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-88761\" class=\"wp-image-88761 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-300x169.jpg.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-300x169.jpg.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-1024x576.jpg.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-768x432.jpg.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-1536x864.jpg.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-350x197.jpg.avif 350w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/225;\" data-original-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" data-smush-avif-fallback=\"{&quot;data-src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-300x169.jpg&quot;,&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/The-fragment-of-the-colorful-bowl-originating-in-China.-Courtesy-Emil-Aladjem-IAA.jpg 1920w&quot;}\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-88761\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fragment of the colorful bowl originating in China. <em> Courtesy Emil Aladjem, IAA. <\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Excavators with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) and the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology made an unexpected discovery while excavating on Jerusalem\u2019s Mt. Zion: a small porcelain bowl fragment painted with a short Mandarin Chinese inscription.<\/p>\n<p>With the excavation team on Mt. Zion typically uncovering material dating from the Second Temple (c. 516 BCE\u201370 CE) through Byzantine periods (c. 324\u2013634 CE), a Ming Dynasty (14th\u201317th centuries) bowl was certainly not what they expected. This is not the first early Chinese porcelain discovered in Israel, but it is the oldest to feature writing. The enigmatic inscription reads, \u201cWe will forever keep the eternal spring.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/islam-in-the-ancient-world3.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg=='>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FREE ebook: <strong>Islam in the Ancient World<\/strong>. Explore Islam\u2019s biblical history and sites.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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*\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/islam_in_the_ancient_world.pdf'\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<p>According to Joyce Leung, a Ph.D. student at Hebrew University who was not involved in the study, the inscription was likely meant as a blessing. The act of stamping the bottom of ceramic ware with such blessings was\u2013and remains\u2013a common practice in China.<\/p>\n<p>The team determined the bowl fragment dated between 1520 and 1570, although how it ended up in Jerusalem remains uncertain. Historic writings do, however, mention close trade connections between the Ottoman Empire, who ruled Jerusalem at the time, and the Ming Dynasty, with records of at least 20 official delegations from the Ottomans visiting the imperial court in Beijing during the 15th to 17th centuries. The writings of merchants and scholars also mention such relationships, with the work of Chinese scholar Ma Li (1541) mentioning colonies of Chinese merchants in Lebanese coastal cities such as Beirut and Tripoli. In the work, Ma Li even mentions Jerusalem itself. It is likely through these trade relations that the bowl arrived on Mt. Zion, as trade helped spread exotic spices and goods, such as porcelain, from the Far East to the Middle East.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><small><em>This article was first published in Bible History Daily on December 9, 2024.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"margin-bottom: 1em;\">Related reading in\u00a0<em>Bible History Daily<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PqFWyYIBFo\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/media\/video\/onsite-the-walls-of-jerusalem\/\">OnSite: The Walls of Jerusalem<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;OnSite: The Walls of Jerusalem&#8221; &#8212; Biblical Archaeology Society\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/media\/video\/onsite-the-walls-of-jerusalem\/embed\/#?secret=WvC6weicnO#?secret=PqFWyYIBFo\" data-secret=\"PqFWyYIBFo\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KjuRiou7h6\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/strata-site-seeing-el-jazzars-architectural-gem\/\">Site-Seeing: El-Jazzar\u2019s Architectural Gem<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Site-Seeing: El-Jazzar\u2019s Architectural Gem&#8221; &#8212; Biblical Archaeology Society\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/strata-site-seeing-el-jazzars-architectural-gem\/embed\/#?secret=Qgq7mcrNdC#?secret=KjuRiou7h6\" data-secret=\"KjuRiou7h6\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"margin: 2em 0;\">All-Access members, read more in the\u00a0<em>BAS Library<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"qvqT0XJpHa\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/constantinople-christianitys-first-capital\/\">Constantinople: Christianity\u2019s First Capital<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Constantinople: Christianity\u2019s First Capital&#8221; &#8212; The BAS Library\" src=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/constantinople-christianitys-first-capital\/embed\/#?secret=KFcSBGTODP#?secret=qvqT0XJpHa\" data-secret=\"qvqT0XJpHa\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RSxx4COzhF\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/turkeys-unexcavated-synagogues\/\">Turkey\u2019s Unexcavated Synagogues<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Turkey\u2019s Unexcavated Synagogues&#8221; &#8212; The BAS Library\" src=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/turkeys-unexcavated-synagogues\/embed\/#?secret=2z8JAbFwFa#?secret=RSxx4COzhF\" data-secret=\"RSxx4COzhF\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 2em 0;\"><p><strong>Not a <em>BAS<\/em> Library or All-Access Member yet? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/subscribe-new\/?utm_term=W26009B0\">Join today.<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Excavators with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) and the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology made an unexpected discovery while excavating on Jerusalem\u2019s Mt. Zion: a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":88767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[375,1],"tags":[23376,17129,65,9254,22842,23375,23377,22083],"class_list":["post-88760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-uncategorized","tag-bowl","tag-china","tag-israel-antiquities-authority","tag-mt-zion","tag-ottoman","tag-porcelain","tag-spice","tag-trade"],"acf":[],"nelio_content":{"autoShareEndMode":"never","automationSources":{"useCustomSentences":false,"customSentences":[]},"efiAlt":"","efiUrl":"","followers":[55],"highlights":[],"isAutoShareEnabled":true,"networkImageIds":[],"permalinkQueryArgs":[],"series":[],"suggestedReferences":[]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Israel\u2019s Oldest Chinese Inscription Found on Mt. Zion - Biblical Archaeology Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With the excavation team typically uncovering material dating from the Second Temple through Byzantine periods, a Ming Dynasty bowl was not what they expected.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/news\/israels-oldest-chinese-inscription-found-on-mt-zion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Israel\u2019s Oldest Chinese Inscription Found on Mt. 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