{"id":4773,"date":"2018-04-20T09:40:25","date_gmt":"2018-04-20T13:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/?p=4773"},"modified":"2020-04-20T09:44:18","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T13:44:18","slug":"where-did-the-philistines-come-from","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/biblical-artifacts\/artifacts-and-the-bible\/where-did-the-philistines-come-from\/","title":{"rendered":"Where Did the Philistines Come From?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_4775\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/horned-altar-philistines1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4775\" class=\"wp-image-4775 size-full lazyload\" title=\"horned-altar-philistines\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/horned-altar-philistines1.jpg\" alt=\"Where Did the Philistines Come From?\" width=\"300\" height=\"274\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/274;\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4775\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This nearly 4-foot-tall, two-horned altar from the site of Tell es-Safi (Gath of the Philistines) suggests the origins of the Philistines are to be sought in the Aegean world. <em>Photo: Courtesy Aren Maeir\/The Tell Es-Safi\/Gath Archaeological Project.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The excavations at <a href=\"http:\/\/digs.bib-arch.org\/digs\/tell-es-safi-gath.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tell es-Safi\/Gath<\/a>, the site of Gath of the Philistines <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/the-philistines-to-the-north\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mentioned in the Bible<\/a> (e.g., 1 Samuel 6:17), have produced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/biblical-sites-places\/biblical-archaeology-places\/iron-age-gate-and-fortifications-uncovered-in-philistine-gath\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">many fascinating finds<\/a>,<a id=\"note01r\" href=\"#note01\">*<\/a> and the summer of 2011 was no exception.<\/p>\n<p>While uncovering an impressive destruction level dating to the second half of the ninth century B.C.E., when Gath was the largest of the five cities of the Philistines and perhaps the largest city in the Land of Israel during the Iron Age, excavators found an exceptionally well preserved horned altar reminiscent of the Israelite horned altars described in the Bible (Exodus 27:1\u20132; 1 Kings 1:50).<\/p>\n<p>Had it not been for a stroke of luck, the horned altar may never have been discovered. Like most archaeological digs, the Tell es-Safi\/Gath excavation leaves unexcavated \u201cbalks\u201d between the excavation squares, thereby allowing easier access to the squares as well as providing a profile view of the excavated layers. In the winter of 2010\/2011, however, strong rainstorms caused some of the balks to collapse.<br \/>\n<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/israel-ebook3.jpg' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg=='>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\t\t\t\t  <form method=\"post\" class=\"esol_fsubmit\">\n\t\t\t\t  <input name=\"action\" value=\"esol_single_ebook_formsubmit\" type=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t  <input name=\"esol_ebook_id\" value=\"43931\" type=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t  <input class=\"esol_ebook_title\" value=\"Israel: An Archaeological Journey\" type=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t  <input name=\"esol_ebook_whatcounts_code\" value=\"E00\" type=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\"><p>FREE ebook: <strong>Israel: An Archaeological Journey<\/strong>. Sift through the storied history of ancient Israel.\r\n<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-6 d-none\"> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"input-field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input name=\"esol_fname\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"FIRST NAME\" id=\"esol_fname\" class=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"esol_fname\" class=\"active\">First Name:<span class=\"clrRed\">*<\/span><\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-6 d-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"input-field \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <input name=\"esol_lname\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"LAST NAME\" id=\"esol_lname\" class=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <label for=\"esol_lname\" class=\"active\">Last Name:<span class=\"clrRed\">*<\/span><\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"input-field esolinputwrappadd\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <input name=\"esol_email_address\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"Email Address\" id=\"esol_email_address\" class=\"\" required>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <label for=\"esol_email_address\" class=\"active\">Email Address: <span class=\"clrRed\">*<\/span><\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <span class=\"helper-text d-block\">* Indicates a required field. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"btn tempBtn waves-effect waves-light btn-block esolsetdes\" id=\"esol_submit_btn1\">SUBMIT<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"esol_filled_in\" class=\"filled-in esol_filled_in\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"esol_ccheck\"> If you don\u2019t want to receive the <em>Bible History Daily<\/em> newsletter, uncheck this box.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"more ebook_form_error_message\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/form>\n\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><br \/>\nWhen the team came back to the field in July 2011, one of their first priorities was to clean up and straighten the collapsed balks. As they cleaned one of the balks in Area D (in the lower city), they came upon an unusually shaped stone object just 10 inches below the surface. Work was immediately stopped as they probed further, and, lo and behold, one of the horns of the altar appeared. Once they realized what they had discovered, the team began the slow, delicate process of excavating the entire horned altar.<\/p>\n<p>The horned altar stands nearly 3.5 feet high and measures just over 1.5 feet on each side. These dimensions more or less match the dimensions given in the Bible (Exodus 30:2) for the Israelite incense altar of the Tabernacle (though this altar shows no signs of having been used to burn incense). Moreover, the decorative features of the altar, including its horns and the groove and raised band of the base, are similar to Israelite altars described in the Bible (Exodus 27:2), as well as other Iron Age altars that have been found throughout the southern Levant.<\/p>\n<p>But why does this altar have only two horns, when we know from the Bible and excavated examples that the altars of both the Israelites and, later, the Philistines, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/which-altar-was-the-right-one-in-ancient-israelite-religion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">typically had four horns<\/a>?<a id=\"note02r\" href=\"#note02\">**<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 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*\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href=''\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>The fact that the Tell es-Safi\/Gath horned altar has only two horns may have to do with the cultural origins of the Philistines. As Louise Hitchcock, senior staff member of the Tell es-Safi\/Gath excavations, has suggested, the very motif of the horned altar in the Levant may have been influenced by earlier <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-near-eastern-world\/who-were-the-minoans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minoan<\/a> \u201chorns of consecration,\u201d symbolic representations of the horns of the sacred bull in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/archaeology-today\/phaistos-disk-deciphered\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minoan culture<\/a>. In fact, there is an altar from the Late Bronze Age site of Myrtous <em>Pigadhes<\/em> in Cyprus that also has only two horns. The unique horned altar from Tell es-Safi\/Gath, the earliest stone altar ever found from the land of the Philistines, may be another indication of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-near-eastern-world\/what-does-the-aegean-world-have-to-do-with-the-biblical-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Aegean influences<\/a> on early Philistine culture and quite possibly a hint to their origins.<\/p>\n<p><center>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/center><br \/>\n<small>Based on Aren M. Maeir, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baslibrary.org\/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&amp;Volume=38&amp;Issue=1&amp;ArticleID=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cPrize Find: Horned Altar from Tell es-Safi Hints at the Origins of the Philistines,\u201d<\/a> <em>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/em>, January\/February 2012. Originally published in Bible History Daily on January 19, 2012.<\/small><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Notes:<\/h2>\n<p><a id=\"note01\" href=\"#note01r\">*<\/a> See Aren M. Maeir, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baslibrary.org\/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&amp;Volume=34&amp;Issue=3&amp;ArticleID=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cDid Captured Ark Afflict Philistines with E.D.?\u201d<\/a> <em>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/em>, May\/June 2008; Aren M. Maeir and Carl S. Ehrlich, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baslibrary.org\/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&amp;Volume=27&amp;Issue=6&amp;ArticleID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cExcavating Philistine Gath: Have We Found Goliath\u2019s Hometown?\u201d<\/a> <em>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/em>, November\/December 2001.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"note02\" href=\"#note02r\">**<\/a> See Yoel Elitzur and Doron Nir-Zevi, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baslibrary.org\/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&amp;Volume=30&amp;Issue=3&amp;ArticleID=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cFour-Horned Altar Discovered in Judean Hills,\u201d<\/a> <em>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/em>, May\/June 2004, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baslibrary.org\/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&amp;Volume=1&amp;Issue=1&amp;ArticleID=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cHorned Altar for Animal Sacrifice Unearthed at Beer-Sheva,\u201d<\/a> <em>Biblical Archaeology Review<\/em>, March 1975.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Related reading in Bible History Daily:<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/biblical-sites-places\/biblical-archaeology-places\/iron-age-gate-and-fortifications-uncovered-in-philistine-gath\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Iron Age Gate and Fortifications Uncovered at Philistine Gath<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/first-ever-philistine-cemetery-unearthed-at-ashkelon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Philistine Cemetery Unearthed at Ashkelon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/daily-life-and-practice\/the-philistine-marketplace-at-ashkelon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Philistine Marketplace at Ashkelon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/archaeology-today\/archaeologists-biblical-scholars-works\/remembering-trude-dothan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Remembering Trude Dothan<\/strong><\/a> by Seymour Gitin<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/daily-life-and-practice\/adornment-in-the-southern-levant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Adornment in the Southern Levant<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/the-philistines-to-the-north\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The \u201cPhilistines\u201d to the North<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/which-altar-was-the-right-one-in-ancient-israelite-religion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Which Altar Was the Right One in Ancient 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